German landlords are very protective of their properties. They expect the apartment or house to be returned in the same condition in which it was rented — normally in very good condition.

When you rent a property, you pay a security deposit (Kaution). Most tenants would like to receive this deposit back in full, plus interest, when they move out. To help you avoid problems with your landlord, we have prepared the following practical tips for before, during, and after your stay.

​

Ventilation, Heating, and Moisture

Proper ventilation and heating are essential. They help prevent moisture buildup, mold, and mildew, which are also health hazards.

If you notice any signs of mold or moisture, contact your landlord immediately so the problem can be resolved before it becomes serious.

​

Limescale (Kalk)

Berlin has very hard water (about 19° dH). While this water is healthy to drink, it causes limescale buildup in bathrooms, kitchens, and household appliances.

Washing machines and dishwashers should be protected with Entkalker (descaling tablets), available in all supermarkets and drugstores. Follow the dosage instructions on detergent packaging.

If heavy limescale has already formed, use a special machine cleaner (“Maschinenreiniger”) and run the machine empty.

Kitchen and bathroom fixtures can be cleaned effectively with vinegar-based cleaners or cleaners made with citric acid. These products are environmentally friendly and very helpful in removing limescale deposits from faucets, showerheads, and sinks. Regular cleaning will keep surfaces in good condition and prevent heavy buildup.

 

 

Household Appliances

In Germany:

• Washing machines and dishwashers use cold water only.

• Appliances heat their own water.

• Voltage: 230V

• Frequency: 50 Hz

US or UK appliances may not be compatible. Always check voltage and frequency.

Transformers and adapters

​

Cleaning Services

Cleaning services in Germany usually only perform basic cleaning, such as:

• Floors

• Bathrooms

• Windows

• Dusting

​

The following tasks are not included unless agreed separately:

• Washing dishes

• Cleaning stove and oven

• Emptying the refrigerator

• Taking out garbage

• Watering plants

• Picking up clothes

• Making beds

• Removing hair from sinks and showers

• Ventilating the apartment

​

The tenant remains responsible for these tasks.

​

Drilling and Wall Fixtures

If you use a drill in the bathroom, always drill between the tiles, not into them. This helps prevent damage when installing mirrors, towel holders, or shelves. Bathroom repairs can be very expensive. If damage occurs, your landlord is entitled to deduct repair costs from your deposit.

​

Floors and Special Materials

Parquet floors, marble, and other special surfaces require specific cleaning products. Using the wrong products can cause permanent damage, which may become costly when you move out.

If you are unsure which products to use, please contact your relocation service. We are happy to advise you.

​

Walls, Windows, and Modifications

Hanging pictures or cabinets is fine, as long as the number of holes does not require full wall renovation later.

Avoid major changes to the apartment. Any renovation or improvement requires written permission from the landlord in advance. This includes changes to:

• Tiles

• Bathtubs or showers

• Bathroom fixtures

• Built-in closets

Without permission, you may be required to restore everything at your own expense.

Do not hammer nails into window or door frames. Damage to frames must be fully replaced by the tenant.

​

Pets and Satellite Dishes

Cats and dogs require written permission from the landlord. Small animals (e.g., hamsters) do not.

Satellite dishes also require written approval.

 

 

Interaction with Neighbors

It is polite, though not required, to introduce yourself to your immediate neighbors.

German neighbor relationships are usually formal and respectful. People typically greet each other, exchange small talk, and occasionally help with packages. The formal form “Sie” and last names are normally used.

Friendships may develop, but usually take time.

If you plan a party, inform your neighbors in advance.

If you wait in front of a building, neighbors may ask who you are visiting. This is normal and meant for security reasons.

are available, but large appliances often consume more electricity than European models.

Large American refrigerators with water connections usually cannot be installed in German rental apartments.

​

Separation of Garbage in Germany

​

Garbage separation is mandatory and important:

• Gray bin: Non-recyclable household waste

• Yellow bin: Plastic and packaging with the Green Dot

• Blue bin: Paper and cardboard

• Glass containers: Sorted by color at public collection points

• Brown bin: Biodegradable kitchen waste (uncooked)

• Orange bins: Small electronics, metals, textiles, plastics

• Clothing containers: Clean, usable clothing and shoes

• Battery boxes: In supermarkets

• Recycling centers: Large or toxic items (fees may apply)

​

Medicines can be returned to pharmacies.

Berlin also offers special Christmas tree collection days in January.